{"id":7237,"date":"2019-02-26T13:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T13:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.9h05.com\/?p=7237"},"modified":"2019-02-26T13:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T13:33:07","slug":"the-press-in-the-context-of-the-andean-community-of-nations-can-without-sustainable-monetization-in-the-digital-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.9h05.com\/en\/the-press-in-the-context-of-the-andean-community-of-nations-can-without-sustainable-monetization-in-the-digital-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"The Press in the Context of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN): Without Sustainable Monetization in the Digital Economy"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The regional press takes on a sustainable economy in the face of the technological revolution if they change cultural contexts at the level of editorial integration. For some experts, using techniques that provoke changes in reading habits is a viable indicator of information quality; for others, it is a blind effort for a culture that continues to depend on paper. An uncertain future is deduced from the challenge of monetizing the use of new technologies in Latin American newspapers. The Technical Association of Latin American Diaries (ATDL) looks for ways to guarantee different scenarios from those experienced so far in printed editions. Open and free digital journals are still alive because of paper sales [1]. Its future is to generate “niches” or products that culturally yield the value that is sought after in a hyperconnected world. Six ATDL managers urgently plot a new route to monetize the economy from relationships in the new cultural industry: the meta-media [2].<\/p>\n

    The emerging start- up <\/em>companieschallenge the old status quo in the quest to reinvent themselves. While it is true that 2.0 technologies are transforming the spaces made for interaction and participation in cybermedia [3], it is also true that some avant-garde media still leaves a certain gap in the knowledge society.<\/p>\n

    The pillars of the companies, which measure the information economy in the new technological paradigms, respond to three essential elements: knowledge and its source of value as a primary resource; the Internet and information technologies; and the technological transfer [2].\u00a0 However, it has been insufficient to precede stable models in the environment of payments and financing that guarantees the substitution of the old for the new [2].\u00a0The creation of methodologies destined to transform the economy of the media to make it more profitable incorporates, among other things, a canvas that helps to understand the strategic nature of a business model [5].\u00a0 Amazingly, the kiosk has not disappeared from the reader\u00b4s affinity and mind.<\/p>\n

    But, who reads, buys, sells, and innovates? Are the digital journals of southern Latin American countries capable of generating opportunities and evolving business models beyond the knowledge society? Or, will they simply be based on customer-reader knowledge [6], without monetizing their own economy? “Only places which understand how to generate knowledge and protect it, how to find young people who have the capacity to do it, and make sure they stay in the country, will be successful” [7].<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    2 Political Economy of the CAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Forty-eight years ago, an intergovernmental, supranational organization was created that consisted of a community of countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru), voluntarily united with the goal of achieving an integral geo-territorial development.\u00a0 This integrationist institution of Andean countries, considered the foundation of the Cartagena Agreement [9], delimits two cultural aspects in the so-called political economy of communication. The first, maybe inadvertent, aspect is the autarchic unexpectedness of the old basic premise, “the medium is the message.”\u00a0 Today, we continue to nod under the shadow of the dominant communication paradigm, that is, under contradictions of looking at societies with media conditioning.\u00a0 Critical studies on the analysis of media in Andean countries have been frozen in a time capsule as a basis for admitting that journalistic enterprises, and the entire sphere of the cultural industry that produces money and impacts society with cultural changes, continue to ignore the macroeconomic theories of politics and communication. Paradoxically, the information economy in social means of communication is closely tied to the so-called political economy of communication [11].\u00a0 The second cultural aspect in the autarchic vision to be explained is that the center of the media macroeconomics [12] ignores the existing potential of the Gross National Product of Latin American societies [13].<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    The principal defect has been the reproduction of erroneous policies in communicative materials and in the lack of confidence to give credibility to the new public agendas, in both the thematic establishment and the laws thereof [2]. An unequivocal decision is that the business models of the digital newspapers referenced, located in CAN member countries, are not part of the environment in the framework of Decision 792 on the implementation of the Reengineering of the Andean Integration System and does not form a part of the Decision 797, which approved the list of Committees and ad hoc Groups of the CAN on October 14th<\/sup>, 2014[1]<\/a>. \u201cEconomists such as Robert Theobald, W. W. Rostow and John Kenneth Galbaith, have explained for years why the \u00b4classic economy\u00b4 was incapable of explaining changes or growth\u201d in different countries of the world [14]. \u00a02.1 From the Digital Economy to the Real Economy<\/strong>\u00a0The digital or web economy is knowledge based clearly on technology [15].\u00a0 Its influence and acceptance have been so incredible that it has transformed the way in which we communicate, consume information, offer products and services and transcend from the world of play on Earth to virtual reality.\u00a0 It has revolutionized, along with other aspects, the current financial services.\u00a0 Reasons exist to believe that digitalization is a phenomenon of economic information that has permitted business models to be understood by attributes coming from the knowledge of client-reader [6]: the treatment and use of informative content; ease; storage and speed of volumes of information; multimedia expansion; the large reach of multiple products and services; and, lastly, the immediacy of information with a socio-global impact.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2.2 The Monetization of the Press in CAN countries <\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    The paradigm of web monetization in CAN countries is far from materialization due to the fact that there are no studies or research that question the processes used until now and that adapt the traditional economy to new models [16]. In the digital literary review, hardly any pilot projects were found, and almost all of them were isolated and in early development stages [17]. Monetization is far from the issues of integrationist economic policies in Andean countries through CAN, nor is the theoretical application of intertemporal inconsistency and monetary policy<\/em>[12] intended for interaction and participation in cybermedia.\u00a0 The challenge is in finding how to monetize this digital circulation.\u00a0 The solution to this question is in the minds of managers and editors in Latin America, not exclusively in CAN countries.\u00a0 The hassle is looking at the market with the creation of paywalls, and charging for information quality.\u00a0 To arrive at this point in an integral manner, the idea of a guild of regional press exists, to unite digital newspapers and adapt them to technological disruptions.\u00a0 Each newspaper company would consider how to reinvent itself in the daily labor process through credible information to minimize fake news circulating on the Internet [1] [2]. After achieving these strategic standardization processes in the region, competition between large world newspapers on the Internet would greatly increase.\u00a0 Although it is clear there is still much to do to arrive to the monetization and positioning of digital press, Latin American media is convinced that the printed newspaper is going to remain important.\u00a0 Its only goal is to gradually change business models with digital alternatives.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3 Methodology <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The methodological study is organized by the method of mixed analysis.\u00a0 The research design composes the current context [18] of the digital newspapers, \u201cEl Comercio\u201d (Ecuador and Peru) and \u201cEl Tiempo\u201d (Colombia), which represent the sample of three web-based newspapers in CAN countries [19].<\/p>\n

    The work is organized by interviews, direct observation [20] and conceptual categories of analysis that register qualitative data with eighteen indicators [21] of the research through the elaboration and application of a descriptive model sheet for the collection of data that determines the underlying logic of the applied media economy for the aforementioned newspapers.<\/p>\n

    Data is classified in agreement with the technique of content analysis [22] in four subcategories of the main theoretical framework that deals with observation as a strategy or business model. \u00a0To avoid the error of direct observation by the interference of the observer, data has been filtered by a rigorous scale of validity, trustworthiness and measurement.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3.1 Data Collection: The Interview<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    To determine the coding rules and analysis categories [23] of the descriptive files, a textual analysis was developed after the interviews.\u00a0 The in-depth interview was carried out directly with the General Editor of the newspaper \u201cEl Comercio\u201d, Marco Arauz, in May 2017.\u00a0 The interviews conducted with the Director of the ATDL by the \u201cExpreso\u201d are newsworthy starting from the press declaration. The verification of the communicative messages in the interview text has been classified with keywords, referring to the objectives of monetizing newspapers. This analysis has been developed by the number of times that the interlocutors repeat the word \u00b4monetize\u00b4 in the conversation.\u00a0 After quantifying the act of speech at the conceptual level, it is contextualized with the intention of operating it through pragmatic inference [24]. Part of the analysis has already been incorporated into the monetization section of the theoretical framework. The result of this process is intersected with the analysis of the categories and indicators of fact sheets to arrive at an interpretation of the results on the inference of underlying economic logic.\u00a03.2. Direct Observation<\/strong><\/p>\n

    For the systematization of information designed to \u201cformulate, from certain data, reproducible and valid inferences that may be applied to the context\u201d [21] of the CAN, a model sheet was designed which categorizes four business strategies, based on eighteen conceptual indicators aimed at obtaining indicators of systematic procedures and objectives of the content description of classified messages in the payment of products, digital services, advertising and multimedia (aggregators) to the digital newspapers of \u201cEl Comercio\u201d (Ecuador and Peru) and \u201cEl Tiempo\u201d (Colombia), permitting the deduction of knowledge relative to the conditions of production\/reception of social context [21].\u00a0The model sheet represented in Table 1 was reproduced for each CAN country, containing data from the three newspapers analyzed in this research.\u00a0 The information is classified in the following manner:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Table 1. Descriptive Sheet of Data Collection. Created by the authors.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Table 2. Systematization of Data Collection. Created by the Authors.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n